Publications

Bhattacharjee, S., Feng, X., Maji, S., Dadhwal, P., Zhang, Z., Brown, Z.P., and Frank, J. (2024). Time resolution in cryo-EM using a PDMS-based microfluidic chip assembly and its application to the study of HflX-mediated ribosome recycling. Cell 187, 782–796.e23. PMID: 38244547; PMCid: PMC10872292.

Acosta-Reyes, F., Bhattacharjee, S., Gottesman, M., and Frank, J. (2024). How dedicated ribosomes translate a leaderless mRNA. J Mol Biol. PMID: 38185325; PMCid:

Shintaku, J., Pernice, W.M., Eyaid, W., Gc, J.B., Brown, Z.P., Juanola-Falgarona, M., Torres-Torronteras, J., Sommerville, E.W., Hellebrekers, D.M., Blakely, E.L., Donaldson, A., van de Laar, I., Leu, C.S., Marti, R., Frank, J., Tanji, K., Koolen, D.A., Rodenburg, R.J., Chinnery, P.F., Smeets, H.J.M., Gorman, G.S., Bonnen, P.E., Taylor, R.W., and Hirano, M. (2022). RRM1 variants cause a mitochondrial DNA maintenance disorder via impaired de novo nucleotide synthesis. J Clin Invest 132. PMID: 35617047; PMCid: PMC9246377.

Stutzman, M.J., Kim, C.S.J., Tester, D.J., Hamrick, S.K., Dotzler, S.M., Giudicessi, J.R., Miotto, M.C., Gc, J.B., Frank, J., Marks, A.R., and Ackerman M.J. (2022). Characterization of N-terminal RYR2 variants outside CPVT1 hotspot regions using patient iPSCs reveal pathogenesis and therapeutic potentia. Stem Cell Reports 17, 2023–2036. PMID: 35931078; PMCid: PMC9481874.

Brown, Z.P., Abaeva, I.S., De, S., Hellen, C.U.T., Pestova, T.V., and Frank, J. (2022). Molecular architecture of 40S translation initiation complexes on the hepatitis C virus IRES. EMBO J 41. PMID: 35822879; PMCid: PMC9379550.

Seitz, E., Acosta-Reyes, F., Maji, S., Schwander, P., and Frank, J. (2022). Recovery of Conformational Continuum From Single-Particle Cryo-EM Images: Optimization of ManifoldEM Informed by Ground Truth. IEEE Transactions on Computational Imaging, 8, 462-478. PMID: 36258699; PMCid: PMC9575687 .

Rapp, M., Shapiro, L., and Frank, J. (2021). Contributions of single-particle cryoelectron microscopy toward fighting COVID-19. Trends Biochem Sci. PMID: 34799235; PMCid: PMC8556535.

Maji, S., and Frank, J. (2021). What is in the black box? – A perspective on software in cryoelectron microscopy. Biophys J 120, 4307–4311. PMID: 34509504; PMCid: PMC8553791. The Biophysicist

Sztain, T., Ahn, S.-H., Bogetti, A.T., Casalino, L., Goldsmith, J.A., Seitz, E., McCool, R.S., Kearns, F.L., Acosta-Reyes, F., Maji, S., Mashayekhi, G., McCammon, J.A., Ourmazd, A., Frank, J., McLellan, J.S., Chong, L.T., and Amaro, R.E. (2021). A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. Nat Chem 13, 963–968. PMID: 34413500; PMCid: PMC7899456.

Sun, B., Shen, B., Li, W., Samir, P., Browne, C.M., Link, A.J., and Frank, J. (2020). A time-resolved cryo-EM study of Saccharomyces cerevisiae 80S ribosome protein composition in response to a change in carbon source. Proteomics 21. PMID: 33007145; PMCid:

Rabinowitz, J., Whittier, E., Liu, Z., Jayant, K., Frank, J., and Shepard, K. (2020). Nanobubble-controlled nanofluidic transport. Science Advances 6. PMID: 33188030; PMCid: PMC7673748.

Washburn, R.S., Zuber, P.K., Sun, M., Hashem, Y., Shen, B., Li, W., Harvey, S., Acosta Reyes F.J., Gottesman, M.E., Knauer, S.H., Frank, J. (2020). Escherichia coli NusG Links the Lead Ribosome with the Transcription Elongation Complex. iScience 23, 101352. PMID: 32726726; PMCID: PMC7390762.

Dashti, A., Mashayekhi, G., Shekhar, M., Hail, D.B., Salah, S., Schwander, P., des Georges, A., Singharoy, A., Frank, J., and Ourmazd, A. (2020). Retrieving functional pathways of biomolecules from single-particle snapshots. Nature Communications 11, 4734. PMID: 32948759; PMCid: PMC7501871.

Park, J., Fu, Z., Frangaj, A., Liu, J., Mosyak, L., Shen, T., Slavkovich, V.N., Ray, K.M., Taura, J., Cao, B., Geng, Y., Zuo, H., Kou, Y., Grassucci, R., Chen, S., Liu, Z., Lin, X., Williams, J.P., Rice, W.J., Eng, E.T., Huang, R.K., Soni, R.K., Kloss, B., Yu, Z., Javitch, J.A., Hendrickson, W.A., Slesinger, P.A., Quick, M., Graziano, J., Yu, H., Fiehn, O., Clarke, O.B., Frank, J., and Fan, Q.R. (2020). Structure of Human GABA_B Receptor in an Inactive State. Nature 584, 304–309. PMID: 32581365; PMCid: PMC7725281.

Carter, S.D., Hampton, C.M., Langlois, R., Melero, R., Farino, Z.J., Calderon, M.J., Li, W., Wallace, C.T., Tran, N.H., Grassucci, R.A., Siegmund, S.E., Pemberton, J., Morgenstern, T.J., Eisenman, L., Aguilar, J.I., Greenberg, N.L., Levy, E.S., Yi, E., Mitchell, W.G., Rice, W.J., Wigge, C., Pilli, J., George, E.W., Aslanoglou, D., Courel, M., Freyberg, R.J., Javitch, J.A., Wills, Z.P., Area-Gomez, E., Shiva, S., Bartolini, F., Volchuk, A., Murray, S.A., Aridor, M., Fish, K.N., Walter, P., Balla, T., Fass, D., Wolf, S.G., Watkins, S.C., Carazo, J.M., Jensen, G.J., Frank, J., and Freyberg, Z. (2020). Ribosome-associated Vesicles: A Dynamic Subcompartment of the Endoplasmic Reticulum in Secretory Cells. Science Advances 6. PMID: 32270040; PMCid: PMC7112762. Commentaries: Local Sourcing of Secretory Proteins in Faraway Places and Local Sourcing of Secretory Proteins in Faraway Places.

Zheng, X., Fu, Z., Su, D., Zhang, Y., Li, M., Pan, Y., Li, H., Li, S., Grassucci, R.A., Ren, Z., Hu, Z., Li, X., Zhou, M., Li, G., Frank, J., and Yang, J. (2020). Mechanism of ligand activation of a eukaryotic cyclic nucleotide−gated channel. Nat Struct & Mol Biol. PMID: 32483338; PMCid: PMC7354226.

Maji, S., Liao, H., Dashti, A., Mashayekhi, G., Ourmazd, A., and Frank, J. (2020). Propagation of Conformational Coordinates Across Angular Space in Mapping the Continuum of States From Cryo-EM Data by Manifold Embedding. J Chem Inf Model 60, 2484-2491. PMID: 32207941; PMCid: PMC7466846.

Seitz, E., and Frank, J. (2020) POLARIS: Path of Least Action Analysis on Energy Landscapes. J Chem Inf Model, 2581-2590. PMID: 31999117; PMCid: PMC7424799.

Acosta-Reyes, F., Neupane, R., Frank, J., and Fernandez, I.S. (2019). The Israeli Acute Paralysis Virus IRES captures host ribosomes by mimicking a ribosomal state with hybrid tRNAs. EMBO J. PMID: 31609474; PMCid: PMC6826211.

Kaledhonkar, S., Fu, Z., Caban, K., Li, W., Chen, B., Sun, M., Gonzales, R.L., and Frank, J. (2019). Late steps in bacterial translation initiation visualized using time-resolved cryo-EM. Nature 570, 400-404. PMID: 31108498; PMCid: PMC7060745

Fu, Z., Indrisiunaite, G., Kaledhonkar, S., Shah, B., Sun, M., Chen, B., Grassucci, R.A., Ehrenberg, M., and Frank, J. (2019). The structural basis for release factor activation during translation termination revealed by time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy. Nature Communications 10, 2579. PMID: 31189921; PMCid: PMC6561943.

Qiu, W., Fu, Z., Xu, G.G., Grassucci, R.A., Zhang, Y., Frank, J., Hendrickson, W.A., and Guo, Y. (2018). Structure and activity of lipid bilayer within a membrane-protein transporter. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 115, 12985-12990. PMID: 30509977; PMCid: PMC6304963.

Gerbasi, V.R., Browne, C.M., Samir, P., Shen, B., Sun, M., Hazelbaker, D.Z., Galassie, A.C., Frank, J., and Link, A.J. (2018). Critical Role for Saccharomyces cerevisiae Asc1p in Translational Initiation at Elevated Temperatures. Proteomics 18. PMID: 30285306; PMCid: PMC6461043.

Wang, J., Liu, Z., Crabtree, R.H., Frank, J., and Moore, P.B. (2018). On the damage done to the structure of the T. acidophilum proteasome by electron radiation. Protein Science 27, 2051-2061. PMID: 30242932; PMCid: PMC6237698.

Samir, P., Brown, C.M., Rahul, R., Sun, M., Shen, B., Li, W., Frank, J., and Link, A.J. (2018). Identification of Changing Ribosome Protein Compositions using Mass Spectrometry. Proteomics. PMID: 30211483; PMCid: PMC6443404.

Siegmund, S.E., Grassucci, R., Carter, S.D., Barca, E., Farino, Z.J., Juanola-Falgarona, M., Zhang, P., Tanji, K., Hirano, M., Schon, E.A., Frank, J., and Freyberg, Z. (2018). Three-Dimensional Analysis of Mitochondrial Crista Ultrastructure in a Patient with Leigh Syndrome by In Situ Cryoelectron Tomography. iScience 6, 83-91. PMID: 30240627; PMCid: PMC6137323.

Fislage, M., Zhang, J., Brown, Z.P., Mandava, C.S., Sanya, S., Ehrenberg, M., and Frank, J. (2018). Cryo-EM shows stages of initial codon selection on the ribosome by aa-tRNA in ternary complex with GTP and the GTPase-deficient EF-Tu^H84A. Nucleic Acids Res 46, 5861-5874. PMID: 29733411; PMCid: PMC6009598.

Wang, J., Liu, W., Frank, J., and Moore, P. (2018). Identification of ions in experimental electrostatic potential maps. IUCrJ 5, 375-381. PMID: 30002838; PMCid: PMC6038950.

Twomey, E.C., Yelshanskaya, M.V., Grassucci, R.A., Frank, J., and Sobolevsky, A.I. (2017). Channel opening and gating mechanism in AMPA-subtype glutamate receptors. Nature 549, 60-65. PMID: 28737760; PMCid: PMC5743206.

Twomey, E.C., Yelshanskaya, M.V., Grassucci, R.A., Frank, J., and Sobolevsky, A.I. (2017). Structural Bases of Desensitization in AMPA Receptor-Auxiliary Subunit Complexes. Neuron 94, 569-580. PMID: 28472657; PMCid: PMC5492975.

Feng, X., Fu, Z., Kaledhonkar, S., Jia, Y., Shah, B., Jin, A., Liu, Z., Sun, M., Chen, B., Grassucci, R.A., Ren, Y., Jiang, H., Frank, J., and Lin, Q. (2017). A Fast and Effective Microfluidic Spraying-Plunging Method for High-Resolution Single-Particle Cryo-EM. Structure 25, 663-670. PMID: 28286002; PMCid: PMC5382802.

Maji, S., Shahoei, R., Schulten, K., and Frank, J. (2017). Quantitative Characterization of Domain Motions in Molecular Machines. J Phys Chem B 121, 3747-3756.
PMID: 28199113; PMCid: PMC5479934.

Frank, J. (2017). The mechanism of translation. F1000Research 6, 198. PMID: 28344776; PMCid: PMC5333610.

Malyutin, A.G., Musalgaonkar, S., Patchett, S., Frank, J., and Johnson, A.W. (2017). Nmd3 is a structural mimic of eIF5A, and activates the cpGTPase Lsg1 during 60S ribosome biogenesis. EMBO J 36, 854-868. PMID: 28179369; PMCid: PMC5376978.

Fu, Z., Kaledhonkar, S., Borg, A., Sun, M., Chen, B., Grassucci, R.A., Ehrenberg, M., and Frank, J. (2016). Key Intermediates in Ribosome Recycling Visualized by Time-Resolved Cryoelectron Microscopy. Structure 24, 2092–2101. PMID: 27818103; PMCid: PMC5143168.

Chen, Y., Clarke, O.B., Kim, J., Stowe, S., Kim, Y.-K., Assur, Z., Cavalier, M., Godoy-Ruiz, R., von Alpen, D.C., Manzini, C., Blaner, W.S., Frank, J., Quadro, L., Weber, D.J., Shapiro, L., Hendrickson, W.A., and Mancia, F. (2016). Structure of the STRA6 receptor for retinol uptake. Science 353. DOI: 10.1126/science.aad8266 . PMID: 27563101 PMCid: PMC5114850.

Liu, Z., Gutierrez-Vargas, C., Wei, J., Grassucci, R.A., Ramesh, M., Espina, N., Sun, M., Tutuncuoglu, B., Madison-Antenucci, S., Woolford, J.L., Tong, L., and Frank, J. (2016). Structure and assembly model for the Trypanosoma cruzi 60S ribosomal subunit. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 113, 12174–12179. PMID: 27791004; PMCid: PMC5087005.

Des Georges, A., Clarke, O.B., Zalk, R., Yuan, Q., Condon, K.J., Grassucci, R.A., Hendrickson, W.A., Marks, A.R., and Frank, J. (2016). Structural basis for gating and activation of RyR1. Cell 167, 145-157. DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2016.08.075; PMID: 27662087; PMCid: PMC5142848.

Twomey, E.C., Velshanskaya, M.V., Grassucci, R.A., Frank, J., and Sobolevsky, A.I. (2016). Elucidation of AMPA receptor–stargazin complexes by cryo–electron microscopy. Science 353, 83-86. DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf8411; PMID: 27365450; PMCid: PMC5125255.

Sun, M., Li, W., Blomqvist, K., Das, S., Hashem, Y., Dvorin, J.D., and Frank, J. (2015). Dynamical features of the Plasmodium falciparum ribosome during translation. Nucleic Acids Res 43, 10515-10524. PMID: 26432834; PMCid: PMC4666399.

Des Georges, A., Dhote, V., Kuhn, L., Hellen, C.U., Pestova, T.V., Frank, J., and Hashem, Y. (2015). Structure of mammalian eIF3 in the context of the 43S preinitiation complex. Nature 525, 491–495. PMID: 26344199; PMCid: PMC4719162.

Marabini, R., Carragher, B., Chen, S., Chen, J., Cheng, A., Downing, K.H., Frank, J., Grassucci, R.A., Heymann, J.B., Jiang, W., Jonic, S., Liao, H.Y., Ludtke, S.J., Patwari, S., Piotrowski, A.L., Quintana, A., Sorzano, C.O.S., Stahlberg, H., Vargas, J., Voss, N.R., Chiu, W., and Carazo, J.M. (2015). CTF challenge: Result summary. J Struct Biol 190, 348–359. PMID: 25913484; PMCid: PMC4672951.

Chen, B., Kaledhonkar, S., Sun, M., Shen, B., Lu, Z., Barnard, D., Lu, T., Gonzalez, R.L., and Frank, J. (2015). Structural dynamics of ribosome subunit association studied by mixing-spraying time-resolved cryo-EM. Structure 23, 1097–1105. PMID: 26004440; PMCid: PMC4456197.

Li, W., Liu, Z., Koripella, R.K., Langlois, R., Sanyal, S., and Frank, J. (2015). Activation of GTP hydrolysis in mRNA-tRNA translocation by Elongation Factor G. Science Advances 1 e1500169. PMID: 26229983; PMCid: PMC4517844.

Liao, H.Y., Hashem, Y., and Frank, J. (2015). Efficient estimation of three-dimensional covariance and its application in the analysis of heterogeneous samples in cryo-electron microscopy. Structure 23, 1129–1137. PMID: 25982529; PMCid: PMC4456258.

Kinz-Thompson, C.D., Sharma, A.K., Frank, J., Gonzalez, R.L., and Chowdhury, D. (2015). Quantitative connection between ensemble thermodynamics and single-molecule kinetics: a case study using cryo-EM and smFRET investigations of the ribosome. J Phys Chem B 119, 10888-10901. PMID: 25785884; PMCid: PMC4552622.

Zalk, R., Clarke, O.B., des Georges, A., Grassucci, R.A., Reiken, S., Mancia, F., Hendrickson, W.A., Frank, J., and Marks, A.R. (2015). Structure of a mammalian ryanodine receptor. Nature 517, 44–49. PMID: 25470061; PMCid: PMC4300236.

Dashti, A., Schwander, P., Langlois, R., Fung, R., Li, W., Hosseinizadeh, A., Liao, H.Y., Pallesen, J., Sharma, G., Stupina, V.A., Simon, A.E., Dinman, J., Frank, J., and Ourmazd, A. (2014). Trajectories of the ribosome as a Brownian nanomachine. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 111, 17492-17497. PMID: 25422471; PMCid: PMC4267381.

Chen, B., Shen, B., and Frank, J. (2014). Particle migration analysis in iterative classification of cryo-EM single-particle data. J Struct Biol 188, 267-273. PMID: 25449317; PMCid: PMC4326552.

Langlois, R., Pallesen, J., Ash, J.T., Ho, D.N., Rubinstein, J.L., and Frank, J. (2014). Automated particle picking for low-contrast macromolecules in cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol, 186, 1-7. PMID: 24607413; PMCid: PMC4063204.

Chen, B., Boël, G., Hashem, Y., Ning, W., Fei, J., Wang, C., Gonzalez, R.L., Hunt, J.F., and Frank, J. (2014). EttA regulates translation by binding to the ribosomal E site and restricting ribosome-tRNA dynamics. Nat Struct Mol Biol 21, 152–159. PMID: 24389465; PMCid: PMC4143144.

Boël, G., Smith, P.C., Ning, W., Englander, M.T., Chen, B., Hashem, Y., Testa, A.J., Fischer, J.J., Wieden, H.-J., Frank, J., Gonzalez, R.L., and Hunt, J.F. (2014). The ABC-F protein EttA gates ribosome entry into the translation elongation cycle. Nat Struct Mol Biol 21, 143–151. PMID: 24389466; PMCid: PMC4101993.

des Georges, A., Hashem, Y., Unbehaun, A., Grassucci, R.A., Taylor, D., Hellen, C.U.T., Pestova, T.V., and Frank, J. (2013). Structure of the mammalian ribosomal pre-termination complex associated with eRF1•eRF3•GDPNP. Nucleic Acids Res 42, 3409-3418. PMID: 24335085; PMCid: PMC3950680.

Hashem, Y., des Georges, A., Dhote, V., Langlois, R., Liao, H.Y., Grassucci, R.A., Pestova, T.V., Hellen, C.U., and Frank, J. (2013). Hepatitis-C-virus-like internal ribosome entry sites displace eIF3 to gain access to the 40S subunit. Nature 503, 539-543. PMID: 24185006; PMCid: PMC4106463.

Pallesen, J., Hashem, Y., Korkmaz, G., Koripella, R., Huang, C., Ehrenberg, M., Sanyal, S., and Frank, J. (2013). Cryo-EM visualization of the ribosome in termination complex with apo-RF3 and RF1. eLife. doi: 10.7554/eLife.00411. PMID: 23755360; PMCid: PMC3677378.

Hashem, Y., des Georges, A., Dhote, V., Langlois, R., Liao, H.L., Grassucci, R.A., Hellen, C.U.T., Pestova, T.V., and Frank, J. (2013). Structure of the mammalian ribosomal 43S preinitiation complex bound to the scanning factor DHX29. Cell 153, 1108-1119. PMID: 23706745; PMCid: PMC3730827.

Hashem, Y., des Georges, A., Fu, J., Buss, S.N., Jossinet, F., Jobe, A., Zhang, Q., Liao, H.Y., Grassucci, R.A., Bajaj, C., Westhof, E., Madison-Antenucci, S., and Frank, J. (2013). High-resolution cryo-electron microscopy structure of Trypanosoma brucei ribosome. Nature 494, 385-389. PMID: 23395961; PMCid: PMC3659406.

Li, W., Atkinson, G.C., Thakor, N.S., Allas, U., Lu, C., Chan, K., Tenson, T., Schulten, K., Wilson, K.S., Hauryliuk, V., and Frank, J. (2013). Mechanism of tetracycline resistance by ribosomal protection protein Tet(O). Nature Communications 4. PMID: 23403578; PMCid: PMC3576927.

Sharma, G., Pallesen, J., Das, S., Grassucci, R., Langlois, R., Hampton, C.M., Kelly, D.F., des Georges, A., and Frank, J. (2013). Affinity grid-based cryo-EM of PKC binding to RACK1 on the ribosome. J Struct Biol 181, 190-194. PMID: 23228487; PMCid: PMC3833090.

Taylor, D., Unbehaun, A., Li, W., Das, S., Lei, J., Liao, H., Grassucci, R.A., Pestova, T., and Frank, J. (2012). Cryo-EM structure of the mammalian eukaryotic release factor eRF1–eRF3-associated termination complex. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 18413-18418. PMID: 23091004; PMCid: PMC3494903.

Bussiere, C., Hashem, Y., Arora, S., Frank, J., Johnson, A.W. (2012). Integrity of the P-site is probed during maturation of the 60S ribosomal subunit. J Cell Biol 197, 747-759. PMID: 22689654; PMCid: PMC3373404.

Agirrezabala, X., Liao, H., Schreiner, E., Fu, J., Ortiz-Meoz, R.F., Schulten, K., Green, R., and Frank, J. (2012). Structural characterization of mRNA-tRNA translocation intermediates. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 109, 6094-6099. PMID: 22467828 PMCid: PMC3340995.

Henderson, R., Sali, A., Baker, M.L., Carragher, B., Devkota, B., Downing, K.H., Egelman, E.H., Feng, Z., Frank, J., Grigorieff, N., Jiang, W., Ludtke, S.J., Medalia, O., Penczek, P.A., Rosenthal, P.B., Rossmann, M.G., Schmid, M.F., Schroder, G.F., Steven, A.C., Stokes, D.L., Westbrook, J.D., Wriggers, W., Yang, H., Young, J., Berman, H.M., Chiu, W., Kleywegt, G.J., and Lawson, C.L. (2012). Outcome of the First Electron Microscopy Validation Task Force Meeting. Structure 20, 206-214. PMID: 22325770; PMCid: PMC3328769.

Langlois, R., Pallesen, J., Frank, J. (2011). Reference-free particle selection enhanced with semi-supervised machine learning for cryo-electron microscopy. Journal of Structural Biology 175, 353-361. PMID: 21708269; PMCid: PMC3205936.

Langlois, R., Frank, J. (2011). A Clarification of the Terms Used in Comparing Semi-automated Particle Selection Algorithms in Cryo-EM. J Struct Biol 175, 348-352. PMID: 21420497; PMCid: PMC3164847.

Langlois, R., and Frank, J. (2015). Corrigendum to “A clarification of the terms used in comparing semi-automated particle selection algorithms in cryo-EM” [J. Struct. Biol. 175 (2011) 348–352].

Fu, J., Hashem, Y., Wower, J., and Frank, J. (2011). tmRNA on its way through the ribosome: Two steps of resume, and what next? RNA Biol 8, 586-590. PMID: 21593606; PMCid: PMC3225978.

Fu, J., Munro, J.B., Blanchard, S.C., Frank, J. (2011). Cryo-EM structures of the ribosome complex in intermediate states during tRNA translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 108, 4817-4821. PMID: 21383139; PMCid: PMC3064370.

Agirrezabala, X., Schreiner, E., Trabuco, L.G., Lei,  J., Ortiz-Meoz, R. F., Schulten, K., Green, R., and Frank, J. (2011). Structural insights into cognate vs. near-cognate discrimination during decoding. EMBO J 30, 1497-1507. PMID: 21378755; PMCid: PMC3102289.

Li, W., Trabuco, L.G., Schulten, K., Frank, J. (2011). Molecular dynamics of EF-G during translocation. Proteins 79, 1478-1486. PMID: 21365677; PMCid: PMC3132869.

Sengupta, J., Bussiere, C., Pallesen, J., West, M., Johnson, A., and Frank, J. (2010). Characterization of the nuclear export adaptor protein Nmd3 in association with the 60S ribosomal subunit. Journal of Cell Biology 7, 1079-1086. PMID: 20584915; PMCid: PMC2894450.

Reblova, K., Rázga, F., Li, W., Gao, H., Frank, J., and Sponer, J. (2010). Dynamics of the base of ribosomal A-site finger revealed by molecular dynamics simulations and Cryo-EM. Nucleic Acids Res 38, 1325-1340. PMID: 19952067; PMCid: PMC2831300.

Liao, H., and Frank, J. (2010). Classification by bootstrapping in single particle methods. Proceedings / IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging: from nano to macro IEEE International Symposium on Biomedica 2010, 169-172. PMID: 20729994; NIHMS180400; PMCid: PMC2924593.

Huang T, S.T., Gupta K, Contreras-Martin LM, Grassucci RA, Van Duyne GD, Frank J, Belfort M. (2010). The group II intron ribonucleoprotein precursor is a large, loosely packed structure. Nucleic Acids Res 39, 2845-2854. PMID: 21131279; PMCid: PMC3074136.

Fu, J., Hashem, Y., Wower, I., Lei, J., Liao, H. Y., Zwieb, C., Wower, J., and Frank, J. (2010). Visualizing the transfer-messenger RNA as the ribosome resumes translation. EMBO J 29, 3819-3825. PMID: 20940705; PMCid: PMC2989109.

Villa, E., Sengupta, J., Trabuco, L.G., LeBarron, J., Baxter, W.T., Shaikh, T.R., Grassucci, R.A., Nissen, P., Ehrenberg, M., Schulten, K., Frank, J. (2009). Ribosome-induced changes in elongation factor Tu conformation control GTP hydrolysis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 106, 1063-1068. PMID: 19122150; PMCid: PMC2613361.

Taylor, D., Devkota, B., Huang, A.D., Topf, M., Narayanan, E., Sali, A., Harvey, S.C., and Frank, J. (2009). Comprehensive molecular structure of the eukaryotic ribosome. Structure 17, 1591-1604. PMID: 20004163; PMCid: 2814252. [*Commentary: Dinman, J.D. and Kinzy, T.G., Expanding the Ribosomal Universe. Structure 17, 1547-1548.]

Sorci, M., Grassucci, R.A., Hahn, I., Frank, J., and Belfort, G. (2009). Time-dependent insulin oligomer reaction pathway prior to fibril formation: cooling and seeding. Proteins 77, 62-73. PMID: 19408310; 130867; PMCid: PMC2737737.

Shi, Y., Giammartino, D. C. D., Taylor, D.J., Sarkeshik, A., Rice, W. J., Yates III, J.R., Frank, J., and Manley, J. L. (2009). Molecular architecture of the human pre-mRNA 3′ processing complex. Mol Cell 33, 365-376. PMID: NIHMS180078; PMCid: PMC2946185.

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Li, Y., Leith, A., and Frank, J. (1997). Tinkerbell–a tool for interactive segmentation of 3D data. J Struct Biol 120, 266-275. PMID: 9441932; PMCid:

Beckmann, R., Bubeck, D., Grassucci, R., Penczek, P., Verschoor, A., Blobel, G., and Frank, J. (1997). Alignment of conduits for the nascent polypeptide chain in the ribosome-Sec61 complex. Science 278, 2123-2126. PMID: 9405348; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., Srivastava, S., Grassucci, R., and Frank, J. (1996). Native 3D structure of eukaryotic 80s ribosome: morphological homology with E. coli 70S ribosome. J Cell Biol 133, 495-505. PMID: 8636226; PMCid:

Penczek, P.A., Zhu, J., and Frank, J. (1996). A common-lines based method for determining orientations for N > 3 particle projections simultaneously. Ultramicroscopy 63. PMID: 8921628; PMCid:

Marabini, R., Vaquerizo, C., Fernandez, J.J., Carazo, J.M., Engel, A., and Frank, J. (1996). Proposal for a new distributed database of macromolecular and subcellular structures from different areas of microscopy. J Struct Biol 116, 161-165. PMID: 8742739; PMCid:

Lata, K.R., Agrawal, R.K., Penczek, P., Grassucci, R., Zhu, J., and Frank, J. (1996). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit in ice. J Mol Biol 262, 43-52. PMID: 8809178; PMCid:

Frank, J., Radermacher, M., Penczek, P., Zhu, J., Li, Y., Ladjadj, M., and Leith, A. (1996). SPIDER and WEB: processing and visualization of images in 3D electron microscopy and related fields. J Struct Biol 116, 190-199. PMID: 8742743; PMCid:

Agrawal, R.K., Penczek, P., Grassucci, R.A., Li, Y., Leith, A., Nierhaus, K.H., and Frank, J. (1996). Direct visualization of A-, P-, and E-site transfer RNAs in the Escherichia coli ribosome. Science 271, 1000-1002. PMID: 8584922; PMCid:

Srivastava, S., Verschoor, A., Radermacher, M., Grassucci, R., and Frank, J. (1995). Three-dimensional reconstruction of mammalian 40 S ribosomal subunit embedded in ice. J Mol Biol 245, 461-466. PMID: 7844819; PMCid:

Penczek, P., Marko, M., Buttle, K., and Frank, J. (1995). Double-tilt electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 60, 393-410. PMID: 8525550; PMCid:

Liu, Y., Penczek, P.A., McEwen, B.F., and Frank, J. (1995). A marker-free alignment method for electron tomography. Ultramicroscopy 58, 393-402. PMID: 7571119; PMCid:

Liu, W., and Frank, J. (1995). Estimation of variance distribution in three-dimensional reconstruction. I. Theory. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 12, 2615-2627. PMID: 7500221; PMCid:

Liu, W., Boisset, N., and Frank, J. (1995). Estimation of variance distribution in three-dimensional reconstruction. II. Applications. J Opt Soc Am A Opt Image Sci Vis 12, 2628-2635. PMID: 7500222; PMCid:

Lata, K.R., Penczek, P., and Frank, J. (1995). Automatic particle picking from electron micrographs. Ultramicroscopy 58, 381-391. PMID: 7571118; PMCid:

Frank, J., Zhu, J., Penczek, P., Li, Y., Srivastava, S., Verschoor, A., Radermacher, M., Grassucci, R., Lata, R.K., and Agrawal, R.K. (1995). A model of protein synthesis based on cryo-electron microscopy of the E. coli ribosome. Nature 376, 441-444. PMID: 7630422; PMCid:

Frank, J., and Penczek, P. (1995). On the correction of the contrast transfer function in biological electron microscopy. Optik 98, 125-129. PMID: PMCid:

Boisset, N., Penczek, P., Taveau, J.C., Lamy, J., and Frank, J. (1995). Three-dimensional reconstruction of Androctonus australis hemocyanin labeled with a monoclonal Fab fragment. J Struct Biol 115, 16-29. PMID: 7577229; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., Rao, V., Grassucci, R., Frank, J., Timerman, A.P., Fleischer, S., and Wagenknecht, T. (1994). Cryo-electron microscopy and three-dimensional reconstruction of the calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor from skeletal muscle. J Cell Biol 127, 411-423. PMID: 7929585; PMCid:

Penczek, P.A., Grassucci, R.A., and Frank, J. (1994). The ribosome at improved resolution: new techniques for merging and orientation refinement in 3D cryo-electron microscopy of biological particles. Ultramicroscopy 53, 251-270. PMID: 8160308; PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., Marko, M., Penczek, P., Barnard, D., and Frank, J. (1994). The internal compartmentation of rat-liver mitochondria: tomographic study using the high-voltage transmission electron microscope. Microsc Res Tech 27, 278-283. PMID: 8186446; PMCid:

Lambert, O., Boisset, N., Penczek, P., Lamy, J., Taveau, J.C., Frank, J., and Lamy, J.N. (1994). Quaternary structure of Octopus vulgaris hemocyanin. Three-dimensional reconstruction from frozen-hydrated specimens and intramolecular location of functional units Ove and Ovb. J Mol Biol 238, 75-87. PMID: 8145258; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Penczek, P., Pochon, F., Frank, J., and Lamy, J. (1994). Three-dimensional reconstruction of human alpha 2-macroglobulin and refinement of the localization of thiol ester bonds with monomaleimido nanogold. Ann N Y Acad Sci 737, 229-244. PMID: 7524399; PMCid:

McEwen, B.F., Arena, J.T., Frank, J., and Rieder, C.L. (1993). Structure of the colcemid-treated PtK1 kinetochore outer plate as determined by high voltage electron microscopic tomography. J Cell Biol 120, 301-312. PMID: 8421050; PMCid:

Frank, J., Chiu, W., and Henderson, R. (1993). Flopping polypeptide chains and Suleika’s subtle imperfections: analysis of variations in the electron micrograph of a purple membrane crystal. Ultramicroscopy 49, 387-396. PMID: 8475603; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Radermacher, M., Grassucci, R., Taveau, J.C., Liu, W., Lamy, J., Frank, J., and Lamy, J.N. (1993). Three-dimensional immunoelectron microscopy of scorpion hemocyanin labeled with a monoclonal Fab fragment. J Struct Biol 111, 234-244. PMID: 8003384; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Penczek, P., Pochon, F., Frank, J., and Lamy, J. (1993). Three-dimensional architecture of human alpha 2-macroglobulin transformed with methylamine. J Mol Biol 232, 522-529. PMID: 7688427; PMCid:

Wilson, C.J., Mastronarde, D.N., McEwen, B., and Frank, J. (1992). Measurement of neuronal surface area using high-voltage electron microscope tomography. Neuroimage 1, 11-22. PMID: 9343554; PMCid:

Srivastava, S., Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1992). Eukaryotic initiation factor 3 does not prevent association through physical blockage of the ribosomal subunit-subunit interface. J Mol Biol 226, 301-304. PMID: 1640449; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., Grassucci, R., Frank, J., Inui, M., Chadwick, C., and Fleischer, S. (1992). Cryo-EM of the native structure of the calcium release channel/ryanodine receptor from sarcoplasmic reticulum. Biophys J 61, 936-940. PMID: 1316182; PMCid:

Penczek, P., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1992). Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles embedded in ice. Ultramicroscopy 40, 33-53. PMID: 1580010; PMCid:

Morgan, D.G., Grant, R.A., Chiu, W., and Frank, J. (1992). Patch averaging of electron images of GP3*I crystals with variable thickness. J Struct Biol 108, 245-256. PMID: 1335748; PMCid:

Frank, J., and Radermacher, M. (1992). Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles negatively stained or in vitreous ice. Ultramicroscopy 46, 241-262. PMID: 1336233; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Grassucci, R., Penczek, P., Delain, E., Pochon, F., Frank, J., and Lamy, J.N. (1992). Three-dimensional reconstruction of a complex of human alpha 2-macroglobulin with monomaleimido Nanogold (Au1.4nm) embedded in ice. J Struct Biol 109, 39-45. PMID: 1283687; PMCid:

Barnard, D.P., Turner, J.N., Frank, J., and McEwen, B.F. (1992). A 360 degrees single-axis tilt stage for the high-voltage electron microscope. J Microsc 167, 39-48. PMID: 1527794; PMCid:

Woodcock, C.L., McEwen, B.F., and Frank, J. (1991). Ultrastructure of chromatin. II. Three-dimensional reconstruction of isolated fibers. J Cell Sci 99 ( Pt 1), 107-114. PMID: 1757495; PMCid:

Frank, J., Penczek, P., Grassucci, R., and Srivastava, S. (1991). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 70S Escherichia coli ribosome in ice: the distribution of ribosomal RNA. J Cell Biol 115, 597-605. PMID: 1918155; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1990). Three-dimensional structure of the mammalian cytoplasmic ribosome. J Mol Biol 214, 737-749. PMID: 2388265; PMCid:

Carazo, J.M., Rivera, F.F., Zapata, E.L., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1990). Fuzzy sets-based classification of electron microscopy images of biological macromolecules with an application to ribosomal particles. J Microsc 157, 187-203. PMID: 2179560; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Taveau, J.C., Lamy, J., Wagenknecht, T., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1990). Three-dimensional reconstruction of native Androctonus australis hemocyanin. J Mol Biol 216, 743-760. PMID: 2258938; PMCid:

Wagenknecht, T., Grassucci, R., Frank, J., Saito, A., Inui, M., and Fleischer, S. (1989). Three-dimensional architecture of the calcium channel/foot structure of sarcoplasmic reticulum. Nature 338, 167-170. PMID: 2537473; PMCid:

Wagenknecht, T., Carazo, J.M., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1989). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the ribosome from Escherichia coli. Biophys J 55, 455-464. PMID: 2649163; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., Zhang, N.Y., Wagenknecht, T., Obrig, T., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1989). Three-dimensional reconstruction of mammalian 40 S ribosomal subunit. J Mol Biol 209, 115-126. PMID: 2810364; PMCid:

Unser, M., Trus, B.L., Frank, J., and Steven, A.C. (1989). The spectral signal-to-noise ratio resolution criterion: computational efficiency and statistical precision. Ultramicroscopy 30, 429-433. PMID: 2800044; PMCid:

Carazo, J.M., Wagenknecht, T., and Frank, J. (1989). Variations of the three-dimensional structure of the Escherichia coli ribosome in the range of overlap views. An application of the methods of multicone and local single-cone three-dimensional reconstruction. Biophys J 55, 465-477. PMID: 2649164; PMCid:

Wagenknecht, T., Grassucci, R., and Frank, J. (1988). Electron microscopy and computer image averaging of ice-embedded large ribosomal subunits from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 199, 137-147. PMID: 2451023; PMCid:

Wagenknecht, T., Frank, J., Boublik, M., Nurse, K., and Ofengand, J. (1988). Direct localization of the tRNA–anticodon interaction site on the Escherichia coli 30 S ribosomal subunit by electron microscopy and computerized image averaging. J Mol Biol 203, 753-760. PMID: 3062179; PMCid:

Saito, A., Inui, M., Radermacher, M., Frank, J., and Fleischer, S. (1988). Ultrastructure of the calcium release channel of sarcoplasmic reticulum. J Cell Biol 107, 211-219. PMID: 2455723; PMCid:

Frank, J., Chiu, W., and Degn, L. (1988). The characterization of structural variations within a crystal field. Ultramicroscopy 26, 345-360. PMID: 3238812; PMCid:

Frank, J., Bretaudiere, J.P., Carazo, J.M., Verschoor, A., and Wagenknecht, T. (1988). Classification of images of biomolecular assemblies: a study of ribosomes and ribosomal subunits of Escherichia coli. J Microsc 150, 99-115. PMID: 3045323; PMCid:

Carazo, J.M., Wagenknecht, T., Radermacher, M., Mandiyan, V., Boublik, M., and Frank, J. (1988). Three-dimensional structure of 50 S Escherichia coli ribosomal subunits depleted of proteins L7/L12. J Mol Biol 201, 393-404. PMID: 3047401; PMCid:

Carazo, J.M., and Frank, J. (1988). Three-dimensional matching of macromolecular structures obtained from electron microscopy: an application to the 70S and 50S E. coli ribosomal particles. Ultramicroscopy 25, 13-22. PMID: 3291355; PMCid:

Boisset, N., Frank, J., Taveau, J.C., Billiald, P., Motta, G., Lamy, J., and Sizaret, P.Y. (1988). Intramolecular localization of epitopes within an oligomeric protein by immunoelectron microscopy and image processing. Proteins 3, 161-183. PMID: 2474818; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1987). Three-dimensional structure of the large ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli. EMBO J 6, 1107-1114. PMID: 3297672; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1987). Three-dimensional reconstruction from a single-exposure, random conical tilt series applied to the 50S ribosomal subunit of Escherichia coli. J Microsc 146, 113-136. PMID: 3302267; PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., Ribeiro, A.J., and Frank, J. (1987). Cytochrome c binds to lipid domains in arrays of mitochondrial outer membrane channels. Biophys J 51, 221-226. PMID: 3030457; PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., Frank, J., and Delihas, N. (1987). Interrelatedness of 5S RNA sequences investigated by correspondence analysis. J Mol Evol 24, 228-235. PMID: 3106638; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., Frank, J., Wagenknecht, T., and Boublik, M. (1986). Computer-averaged views of the 70 S monosome from Escherichia coli. J Mol Biol 187, 581-590. PMID: 3519978; PMCid:

Tsuji, M., Frank, J., and Manley, R.S.J. (1986). Image analysis in the electron microscopy of cellulose protofibrils. II: Digital correlation methods. Colloid and Polymer Science 264, 89-96. PMID: PMCid:

Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1986). A new 3-D reconstruction scheme applied to the 50S ribosomal subunit of E. coli. J Microsc 141, RP1-2. PMID: 3514918; PMCid:

McEwen, B.F., Radermacher, M., Rieder, C.L., and Frank, J. (1986). Tomographic three-dimensional reconstruction of cilia ultrastructure from thick sections. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 83, 9040-9044. PMID: 3466176; PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., Ribeiro, A., and Frank, J. (1986). Structure of the channels in the outer mitochondrial membrane: Electron microscopic studies of the periodic arrays induced by phospholipase A2 treatment of the Neurospora membrane. Biophysical Journal 49, 307-317. PMID: PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., and Frank, J. (1986). Effect of succinylation on images of negatively stained arrays of mitochondrial outer membrane channels. J Ultrastruct Mol Struct Res 96, 31-40. PMID: 2445865; PMCid:

Bretaudiere, J.P., and Frank, J. (1986). Reconstitution of molecule images analysed by correspondence analysis: a tool for structural interpretation. J Microsc 144, 1-14. PMID: 3632765; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., Frank, J., and Boublik, M. (1985). Investigation of the 50 S ribosomal subunit by electron microscopy and image analysis. J Ultrastruct Res 92, 180-189. PMID: 3913778; PMCid:

Subirana, J.A., Munoz-Guerra, S., Aymami, J., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1985). The layered organization of nucleosomes in 30 nm chromatin fibers. Chromosoma 91, 377-390. PMID: 4039646; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1985). Use of nonlinear mapping in multivariate image analysis of molecule projections. Ultramicroscopy 17, 117-126. PMID: 4071832; PMCid:

Parsons, D.F., Marko, M., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1985). Shape changes and polarization of cells migrating through tissue. A high-voltage electron microscope and computer graphics study of serial thick sections. Tissue Cell 17, 491-510. PMID: 4049363; PMCid:

Lamy, J., Billiald, P., Sizaret, P.Y., Cave, G., Frank, J., and Motta, G. (1985). Approach to the direct intramolecular localization of antigenic determinants in Androctonus australis hemocyanin with monoclonal antibodies by molecular immunoelectron microscopy. Biochemistry 24, 5532-5542. PMID: 2416343; PMCid:

Kim, C.H., Radermacher, M., Kessel, M., Frank, J., and King, T.E. (1985). Three-dimensional reconstruction of cytochrome oxidase vesicle crystals prepared by cholate solubilization. J Inorg Biochem 23, 163-169. PMID: 2991453; PMCid:

Kessel, M., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1985). The structure of the stalk surface layer of a brine pond microorganism: correlation averaging applied to a double layered lattice structure. J Microsc 139, 63-74. PMID: 4046014; PMCid:

Hui, S.W., and Frank, J. (1985). Analysis of the irregular planar distribution of proteins in membranes. J Microsc 137, 293-303. PMID: 3999133; PMCid:

Woodcock, C.L., and Frank, J. (1984). Nucleosome mass distribution using image averaging. J Ultrastruct Res 89, 295-302. PMID: 6544891; PMCid:

Wagenknecht, T., and Frank, J. (1984). Localization of lipoyl-bearing domains in the alpha-ketoglutarate dehydrogenase multienzyme complex. Biochemistry 23, 3383-3389. PMID: 6380587; PMCid:

Verschoor, A., Frank, J., Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., and Boublik, M. (1984). Three-dimensional reconstruction of the 30 S ribosomal subunit from randomly oriented particles. J Mol Biol 178, 677-698. PMID: 6387155; PMCid:

Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1984). Representation of three-dimensionally reconstructed objects in electron microscopy by surfaces of equal density. J Microsc 136, 77-85. PMID: 6392559; PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., and Frank, J. (1984). Electron microscopic stains as probes of the surface charge of mitochondrial outer membrane channels. Biophysical Journal 45, 139-141. PMID: PMCid:

Haenicke, W., Frank, J., and Zingsheim, H.P. (1984). Statistical significance of molecule projections by single particle averaging. J Microsc 133, 223-238. PMID: 6708102; PMCid:

Frank, J., and Wagenknecht, T. (1984). Automatic selection of molecular images from electron micrographs. Ultramicroscopy 12, 169–176. PMID: PMCid:

Mannella, C.A., Colombini, M., and Frank, J. (1983). Structural and functional evidence for multiple channel complexes in the outer membrane of Neurospora crassa mitochondria. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 80, 2243-2247. PMID: 6300902; PMCid:

Zingsheim, H.P., Neugebauer, D.C., Frank, J., Hanicke, W., and Barrantes, F.J. (1982). Dimeric arrangement and structure of the membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor studied by electron microscopy. EMBO J 1, 541-547. PMID: 7188351; PMCid:

Zingsheim, H.P., Barrantes, F.J., Frank, J., Hanicke, W., and Neugebauer, D.C. (1982). Direct structural localization of two toxin-recognition sites on an ACh receptor protein. Nature 299, 81-84. PMID: 7110329; PMCid:

Sizaret, P.Y., Frank, J., Lamy, J., Weill, J., and Lamy, J.N. (1982). A refined quaternary structure of Androctonus australis Hemocyanin. Eur J Biochem 127, 501-506. PMID: 7173191; PMCid:

Mannella, C., and Frank, J. (1982). Effects of divalent metal ions and chelators on the structure of the outer mitochondrial membranes from Neurospora crassa. Biophysical Journal 37, 3-4. PMID: PMCid:

Lamy, J., Sizaret, P.Y., Frank, J., Verschoor, A., Feldmann, R., and Bonaventura, J. (1982). Architecture of Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin. Biochemistry 21, 6825-6833. PMID: 7159564; PMCid:

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., and Boublik, M. (1982). Multivariate statistical analysis of ribosome electron micrographs. L and R lateral views of the 40 S subunit from HeLa cells. J Mol Biol 161, 107-133. PMID: 6185684; PMCid:

Frank, J., and van Heel, M. (1982). Correspondence analysis of aligned images of biological particles. J Mol Biol 161, 134-137. PMID: 7154073; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1982). New methods for averaging non-periodic objects and distorted crystals in biologic electron microscopy. Optik 63, 67-89.

Frank, J. (1982). Methods for studying the dynamic behavior of biological macromolecules. Ultramicroscopy 9, 3-8. PMID: 7135629; PMCid:

van Heel, M., and Frank, J. (1981). Use of multivariate statistics in analysing the images of biological macromolecules. Ultramicroscopy 6, 187-194. PMID: 7268930; PMCid:

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., and Boublik, M. (1981). Computer averaging of electron micrographs of 40S ribosomal subunits. Science 214, 1353-1355. PMID: 7313694; PMCid:

Frank, J., Shimkin, B., and Dowse, H. (1981). SPIDER — A modular software system for image processing. Ultramicroscopy 6, 343-358.

Zingsheim, H.P., Neugebauer, D.C., Barrantes, F.J., and Frank, J. (1980). Structural details of membrane-bound acetylcholine receptor from Tropedo marmorata. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 77, 952-956. PMID: 6928692; PMCid:

Kessel, M., Frank, J., and Goldfarb, W. (1980). Averages of glutamine synthetase molecules as obtained with various stain and electron dose conditions. J Supramol Struct 14, 405-422. PMID: 6165866; PMCid:
Al-Ali, L., and Frank, J. (1980). Resolution estimation in electron microscopy. Optik 56, 31. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J., Goldfarb, W., Eisenberg, D., and Baker, T.S. (1979). Addendum to “reconstruction of glutamine synthetase using computer averaging”. Ultramicroscopy 04, 247. PMID: 38551; PMCid:

Frank, J., McFarlane, S.C., and Downing, K.H. (1978). A note on the effect of source size and defocus spread in bright field electron microscopy. Optik 52, 49-60. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J., Goldfarb, W., Eisenberg, D., and Baker, T.S. (1978). Reconstruction of glutamine synthetase using computer averaging. Ultramicroscopy 3, 283-290. PMID: 32653; PMCid:

Wade, R.H., and Frank, J. (1977). Electron microscopic transfer functions for partially coherent axial illumination and chromatic defocus spread. Optik 49, 81-92 PMID: PMCid:

Saxton, W.O., and Frank, J. (1977). Motif detection in quantum noise-limited electron micrographs by cross-correlation. Ultramicroscopy 2, 219-227. PMID: 888241; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1976). Determination of source size and energy spread from electron micrographs using the method of Young’s fringes. Optik 44, 379-391. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J., and Al-Ali, L. (1975). Signal-to-noise ratio of electron micrographs obtained by cross correlation. Nature 256, 376-379. PMID: 1095934; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1975). Partial coherence and efficient use of electrons in bright field electron microscopy. Optik 43, 103-109. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1975). Controlled focusing and stigmating in the conventional and scanning transmission electron microscope. Journal of Physics E: Scientific Instruments 8, 582-587 PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1975). A practical resolution criterion in optics and electron microscopy. Optik 43, 25-34. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1975). Averaging of low exposure electron micrographs of non-periodic objects. Ultramicroscopy 1, 159-162. PMID: 1236029; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1974/75). Phasenbestimmung and Beruecksichtigung der Linsenfehler in der Elektronenmikroskopie; eine Klarstellung. Optik 41, 90-91. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1974). Radiation damage assessment from electron images using digital correlation methods. Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics 7, L75-L78 PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1973). A remark on phase determination in electron microscopy. Optik 38, 582-584. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1973). The envelope of electron microscopic transfer functions for partially coherent illumination. Optik 38, 519-539 PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1972). Observation of the relative phases of electron microscopic phase contrast zones with the aid of the optical diffractometer. Optik 35, 608-612 PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1972). A study of heavy-light atom discrimination in bright-field electron microscopy using the computer. Biophys J 12, 484-511. PMID: 5030562; PMCid:

Frank, J., Bußler, P., Langer, R., and Hoppe, W. (1970). Einige Erfahrungen mit der rechnerischen Analyse und Synthese von elektronenmikroskopischen Bildern hoher Auflösung. [Experience gained from digital analysis and synthesis of high-resolution electron micrographs]. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 74, 1105-1115. PMID: PMCid:

Langer, R., Frank, J., Feltynowski, A., and Hoppe, W. (1970). Anwendung des Bilddifferenzverfahrens auf die Untersuchung von Strukturänderungen dünner Kohlefolien bei Elektronenbestrahlung. [Application of the image difference method to the analysis of structural changes of thin carbon films during electron exposure]. Ber Bunsenges Phys Chem 74, 1120-1126. PMID: PMCid:

Langer, R., Formanek, S., Frank, J., Martin, H.H., and Hoppe, W. (1969). [Structure of the murein sacculus of Spirillum serpens. Quantitative electron microscopy studies at high resolution]. Hoppe Seylers Z Physiol Chem 350, 1173-1174. PMID: 5352337; PMCid:

Hoppe, W., Langer, R., Frank, J., and Feltynowski, A. (1969). Bilddifferenzverfahren in der Elektronen-mikroskopie [Image differentiation procedures in electron microscopy]. Naturwissenschaften 56, 267-272. PMID: 5360874; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1969). Nachweis von Objektbewegungen im lichtoptischen Diffraktogramm von elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen. Optik 30, 171-180 PMID: PMCid:

Seitz, E., Frank, J., and Schwander, P. (2023). Beyond ManifoldEM: geometric relationships between manifold embeddings of a continuum of 3D molecular structures and their 2D projections. Digital Discovery 2, 702-717. PMID: 37312683; PMCid: PMC10259371.

Frank, J. (2021). “Just in Time”: The Role of Cryo-Electron Microscopy in Combating Recent Pandemics. Biochemistry. PMID: 34077195; PMCid: PMC8678943.

Frank, J. (2021). Alexander Spirin’s Vision of the Ribosome as a Thermal Ratchet Machine. Biochemistry (Moscow) 86, 910-912. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (2018). Single‐Particle Reconstruction of Biological Molecules—Story in a Sample (Nobel Lecture). Angew Chem Int Ed Engl. 57, 10826-10841. PMID: 29978534; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2018). Einzelpartikel‐Rekonstruktion biologischer Moleküle – Geschichte in einer Probe (Nobel‐Aufsatz). Angew Chem Int Ed Germ.

Hashem, Y., and Frank, J. (2018). The Jigsaw Puzzle of mRNA Translation Initiation in Eukaryotes: A Decade of Structures Unraveling the Mechanics of the Process. Annu Rev Biophys 47, 125-151. PMID: 29494255; PMCid: PMC6318078.

Frank, J. (2018). New Opportunities Created by Single-Particle Cryo-EM: The Mapping of Conformational Space. Biochemistry 57, 888. PMID: 29368918; PMCid: PMC5926531.

Frank, J. (2017). Time-resolved cryo-electron microscopy: Recent progress. J Struct Biol 200, 303-306. PMID: 28625887; PMCid: PMC5732889.

Frank, J. (2017). The translation elongation cycle-capturing multiple states by cryo-electron microscopy. Phil Trans Roy Soc B 372, 20160180. PMID: 28138066; PMCid: PMC5311924.

Frank, J. (2017). Advances in the field of single-particle cryo-electron microscopy over the last decade. Nature Protocols 12, 209-212. PMID: 28055037; PMCid: PMC5479931.

Liu, Z., Gutierrez-Vargas, C., Wei, J., Grassucci, R.A., Sun, M., Espina, N., Madison-Antenucci, S., Tong, L., and Frank, J. (2016). Determination of the ribosome structure to a resolution of 2.5Å by single-particle cryo-EM. Protein Science 26, 82-92. PMID: 27750394; PMCid: PMC5192974.

Frank, J. (2016). Whither ribosome structure and dynamics research? (A Perspective). J Mol Biol 428, 3565-3569. PMID: 27178840; PMCid: PMC5010980.

Frank, J., and Ourmazd, A. (2016). Continuous Changes in Structure Mapped by Manifold Embedding of Single-Particle Data in Cryo-EM. Methods 100, 61-67. PMID: 26884261; PMCid: PMC4848141.

Frank, J. (2015). Generalized single-particle cryo-EM – a historical perspective. Microscopy 65, 3-8. PMID: 26566976; PMCid: PMC4749046.

Chen, B., and Frank, J. (2015). Two promising future developments of cryo-EM: capturing short-lived states and mapping a continuum of states of a macromolecule. Microscopy 65, 69-79. PMID: 26520784; PMCid: PMC4749048.

Frank, J. (2013). Story in a Sample – the Potential (and Limitations) of Cryo-Electron Microscopy Applied to Molecular Machines. Biopolymers 99, 832-836. PMID: 23640776; PMCid: PMC3785246.

Frank, J. (2012). Intermediate states during mRNA–tRNA translocation. Curr Opin Struct Biol 22, 778-785. PMID: 22906732; PMCid: PMC3508672.

Frank, J. (2011). The Ribosome, a Restless Molecular Machine. In Asia Pacific Biotech News (APBN), pp. 29-32.

Liao, H., and Frank, J. (2010). Definition and estimation of resolution in single-particle reconstructions. Structure 18, 768-775. PMID: 20637413; NIHMS224229; PMCid: PMC2923553.

Frank, J., and Gonzalez, R.L. (2010). Structure and dynamics of a processive Brownian motor: the translating ribosome. Ann Rev Biochem 79, 381-412. PMID: 20235828; NIHMS223198; PMCid: PMC2917226.

Frank, J. (2010). The ribosome comes alive. Israel Journal of Chemistry 50, 95-98. PMID: 21072331; PMCid: PMC2976627.

Agirrezabala, X., and Frank, J. (2010). From DNA to proteins via the ribosome. Structural insights into the workings of the translation machinery. Human Genomics 4, 226-237. PMID: 20511136; NIHMS248325; PMCid: PMC2976604.

Frank, J. (2009). Single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules in electron microscopy – 30 years. Q Rev Biophys 42, 139-158. PMID: 20025794; PMCid: PMC2844734

Agirrezabala, X., and Frank, J. (2009). Elongation in translation as a dynamic interaction among the ribosome, tRNA, and elongation factors EF-G and EF-Tu. Quart Rev Biophys 42, 159-200. PMID: 20025795; PMCid: PMC2832932.

Shaikh, T.R., Gao, H., Baxter, W.T., Asturias, F.J., Boisset, N., Leith, A., and Frank, J. (2008). SPIDER image processing for single-particle reconstruction of biological macromolecules from electron micrographs. Nat Protoc 3, 1941-1974. PMID: 19180078; NIHMS100948; PMCid: PMC2737740.

Grassucci, R.A., Taylor, D., and Frank, J. (2008). Visualization of macromolecular complexes using cryo-electron microscopy with FEI Tecnai transmission electron microscopes. Nat Protoc 3, 330-339. PMID: 18274535; NIHMS98616; PMCid: PMC2654234.

Frank, J. (2008). Under the Rug, or a Plea for the Lighter Touch. J Struct Biol 163, 270. PMID: 19255612; NIHMS72627; PMCid: PMC2577220.

Taylor, D.J., Frank, J., and Kinzy, T.G. (2007). Structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome and elongation factors. In Translational Control in Biology and Medicine, M.B. Mathews, N. Sonenberg, and J.W.B. Hershey, eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Press), pp. 59-86.

Grassucci, R.A., Taylor, D.J., and Frank, J. (2007). Preparation of macromolecular complexes for cryo-electron microscopy. Nat Protoc 2, 3239-3246. PMID: 18079724; NIHMS98815; PMCid: PMC2710239.

Frank, J., Gao, H., Sengupta, J., Gao, N., and Taylor, D.J. (2007). The process of mRNA-tRNA translocation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 104, 19671-19678. PMID: 18003906; PMCid: PMC2148355.

Allen, G.S., and Frank, J. (2007). Structural insights on the translation initiation complex: ghosts of a universal initiation complex. Mol Microbiol 63, 941-950. PMID: 17238926; PMCid:

Mitra, K., and Frank, J. (2006). Ribosome dynamics: insights from atomic structure modeling into cryo-electron microscopy maps. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 35, 299-317. PMID: 16689638; PMCid:

Gao, N., and Frank, J. (2006). A library of RNA bridges. Nat Chem Biol 2, 231-232. PMID: 16619019; PMCid:

Frank, J., and Spahn, C.M.T. (2006). The ribosome and the mechanism of protein synthesis. Reports on Progress in Physics 69, 1383-1417. PMID: PMCid:

Berman, H.M., Burley, S.K., Chiu, W., Sali, A., Adzhubei, A., Bourne, P.E., Bryant, S.H., Dunbrack, R.L., Jr., Fidelis, K., Frank, J., Godzik, A., Henrick, K., Joachimiak, A., Heymann, B., Jones, D., Markley, J.L., Moult, J., Montelione, G.T., Orengo, C., Rossmann, M.G., Rost, B., Saibil, H., Schwede, T., Standley, D.M., and Westbrook, J.D. (2006). Outcome of a workshop on archiving structural models of biological macromolecules. Structure 14, 1211-1217. PMID: 16955948; PMCid:

Frank, J., Sengupta, J., Gao, H., Li, W., Valle, M., Zavialov, A., and Ehrenberg, M. (2005). The role of tRNA as a molecular spring in decoding, accommodation, and peptidyl transfer. FEBS Lett 579, 959-962. PMID: 15680982; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2004). The dynamics of the ribosome as inferred by cryo-EM: induced and self-organized motions. In Conformational Proteomics of Macromolecular Architecture, R.H.Cheng, and L. Hammar, eds. (Singapore, World Scientific Publishing Co.), p. 291.

Frank, J., and Schlichting, I. (2004). Time-resolved imaging of macromolecular processes and interactions. J Struct Biol 147, 209-210. PMID: 15450290; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2003). Electron microscopy of functional ribosome complexes. Biopolymers 68, 223-233. PMID: 12548625; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2003). Toward an understanding of the structural basis of translation. Genome Biol 4, 237. PMID: 14659007; PMCid: 329409.

Frank, J., Wagenknecht, T., McEwen, B.F., Marko, M., Hsieh, C.E., and Mannella, C.A. (2002). Three-dimensional imaging of biological complexity. J Struct Biol 138, 85-91. PMID: 12160704; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2002). Single-particle imaging of macromolecules by cryo-electron microscopy. Annu Rev Biophys Biomol Struct 31, 303-319. PMID: 11988472; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2002). A cold look at transcription. Structure 10, 1156-1157. PMID: 12220487; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2001). Cryo-electron microscopy as an investigative tool: the ribosome as an example. Bioessays 23, 725-732. PMID: 11494321; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2001). Ribosomal dynamics explored by cryo-electron microscopy. Methods 25, 309-315. PMID: 11860285; PMCid:

Frank, J., Penczek, P., Agrawal, R.K., Grassucci, R.A., and Heagle, A.B. (2000). Three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy of ribosomes. Methods Enzymol 317, 276-291. PMID: 10829286; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2000). The ribosome–a macromolecular machine par excellence. Chem Biol 7, R133-141. PMID: 10873840; PMCid:

Penczek, P., Ban, N., Grassucci, R.A., Agrawal, R.K., and Frank, J. (1999). Haloarcula marismortui 50S subunit-complementarity of electron microscopy and X-Ray crystallographic information. J Struct Biol 128, 44-50. PMID: 10600557; PMCid:

Malhotra, A., and Frank, J. (1999). Predicting three-dimensional structure of ribosomal RNA using cryo electron microscopy maps of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series 41, 32-34. PMID: PMCid:

Agrawal, R.K., Lata, R.K., and Frank, J. (1999). Conformational variability in Escherichia coli 70S ribosome as revealed by 3D cryo-electron microscopy. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 31, 243-254. PMID: 10216957; PMCid:

Agrawal, R.K., and Frank, J. (1999). Structural studies of the translational apparatus. Curr Opin Struct Biol 9, 215-221. PMID: 10322215; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1998). How the ribosome works. American Scientist 86, 428-439. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1998). The ribosome-structure and functional ligand-binding experiments using cryo-electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 124, 142-150. PMID: 10049802; PMCid:

Penczek, P.A., Zhu, J., Schröder, R., and Frank, J. (1997). Three dimensional reconstruction with contrast transfer compensation from defocus series. Scanning Microscopy 11, 147-154. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1997). The ribosome at higher resolution–the donut takes shape. Curr Opin Struct Biol 7, 266-272. PMID: 9094327; PMCid:

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., Li, Y., Zhu, J., Lata, R.K., Radermacher, M., Penczek, P., Grassucci, R., Agrawal, R.K., and Srivastava, S. (1995). A model of the translational apparatus based on a three-dimensional reconstruction of the Escherichia coli ribosome. Biochem Cell Biol 73, 757-765. PMID: 8721992; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1995). Approaches to large-scale structures. Curr Opin Struct Biol 5, 194-201. PMID: 7648321; PMCid:

Frank, J., Chiu, W., and Henderson, R. (1993). Flopping polypeptide chains and Suleika’s subtle imperfections: analysis of variations in the electron micrograph of a purple membrane crystal. Ultramicroscopy 49, 387-396. PMID: 8475603; PMCid:

Frank, J., Penczek, P., and Liu, W. (1992). Alignment, classification, and 3-D reconstruction of single particles embedded in ice. Paper presented at: Proc X Pfefferkorn Conference on Image and Signal Processing (Scanning Suppl. ).

Frank, J., Penczek, P., and Liu, W. (1992). Alignment, classification, and three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles embedded in ice. Scanning Microsc Suppl 6, 11-20; discussion 20-12. PMID: 1366339; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1992). Three-dimensional reconstruction at the molecular level. Microscopy, Microanalysis, Microstructures 3, 45-54. PMID: PMCid:

Turner, J.N., Frank, J., and Rieder, C.L. (1990). Biological Microscopy and Image Reconstruction Resources. EMSA Bulletin 20, 127-130. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J., and Radermacher, M. (1990). Three-dimensional reconstruction of single particles negatively stained or in vitreous ice. Paper presented at: Proc Workshop on Quantitative Electron Microscopy (Schloss Ringberg, Rottach-Egern, Germany Ultramicroscopy ).

Frank, J. (1990). Classification of macromolecular assemblies studied as ‘single particles’. Q Rev Biophys 23, 281-329. PMID: 2204955; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1989). Image analysis of single macromolecules. Electron Microsc Rev 2, 53-74. PMID: 2491342; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1989). Three-dimensional imaging techniques in electron microscopy. Biotechniques 7, 164-173. PMID: 2698195; PMCid:

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., Wagenknecht, T., Radermacher, M., and Carazo, J.M. (1988). A new non-crystallographic image-processing technique reveals the architecture of ribosomes. Trends Biochem Sci 13, 123-127. PMID: 3075375; PMCid:

Frank, J., McEwen, B.F., Radermacher, M., Turner, J.N., and Rieder, C.L. (1987). Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction in high voltage electron microscopy. Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique 6, 193-205. PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J., Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., and Verschoor, A. (1986). A new method for three-dimensional reconstruction of single macromolecules using low-dose electron micrographs. Ann N Y Acad Sci 483, 77-87. PMID: 3551727; PMCid:

Frank, J., McEwen, B., Radermacher, M., Turner, J.N., and Rieder, C.L. (1986). Three-dimensional tomographic reconstruction in high voltage electron microscopy (Kyoto, Proc. 11th Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy ).

Frank, J., McEwen, B., Radermacher, M., and Rieder, C.L. (1986). Methods for three-dimensional  reconstruction of cellular components within a thick section (Proc 44th annual meeting EMSA).

Mannella, C.A., and Frank, J. (1984). Negative staining characteristics of arrays of mitochondrial pore protein: use of correspondence analysis to classify different staining patterns. Ultramicroscopy 13, 93-102. PMID: 6206632; PMCid:

Frank, J. (1984). Recent advances of image processing in the structural analysis of biological macromolecules. Paper presented at: 8th Europ Congr El Microsc (Budapest).

Frank, J. (1984). Quantitative study of macromolecular assemblies with the aid of correlation alignment, multivariate image analysis, and three dimensional reconstruction. Paper presented at: 8th Int Biophysics Congress (Bristol).

Frank, J. (1984). The role of multivariate image analysis in solving the architecture of the Limulus polyphemus hemocyanin molecule. Ultramicroscopy 13, 153-164. PMID: 6474597; PMCid:

Subirana, J.A., Munoz-Guerra, S., Radermacher, M., and Frank, J. (1983). Three-dimensional reconstruction of chromatin fibers. J Biomol Struct Dyn 1, 705-714. PMID: 6400895; PMCid:

Frank, J., and Van Heel, M. (1982). Averaging techniques and correspondence analysis (Proceedings of the 10th International Congress on Electron Microscopy).

Frank, J. (1982). Differential averaging of single molecule images using multivariate statistical classification. Paper presented at: Meeting EMSA (Proc. 40th Ann).

Frank, J. (1980). The role of correlation techniques in computer image processing. In Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images, Topics in Current Physics. Vol. 13. P.W. Hawkes, editor. Springer, Berlin. 187-222.

Frank, J. (1979). Image analysis in electron microscopy. Journal of Microscopy 117, 25-38. PMID: PMCid:

Goldfarb, W., Frank, J., Kessel, M., Hsung, J.C., Kim, C.H., and King, T.E. (1978). Cytochrome oxidase vesicles with two dimensional order. Paper presented at: Intl Symp Cytochrome Oxidase (Mt. Rokossan, Kobe, Japan, Elsevier).

Frank, J. (1978). Optimum use of image information using signal detection and averaging techniques. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 306, 112-120 PMID: PMCid:

Frank, J. (1975). Report on OSA topical meeting on image processing. In Appl Optics (Stanford University), pp. 2782-2784 PMID: PMCid:

Beer, M., Frank, J., Hanszen, K.J., Kellenberger, E., and Williams, R.C. (1974). The possibilities and prospects of obtaining high-resolution information (below 30 A) on biological material using the electron microscope. Some comments and reports inspired by an EMBO workshop held at Gais, Switzerland, October 1973. Q Rev Biophys 7, 211-238. PMID: 4615338; PMCid:

Frank, J. (2024). Novel Developments in Cryo-EM of Biological Molecules: Resolution in Time and State Space (City, Stanford Publishing Pte. Ltd., Singapore).

Frank, J., ed. (2018). Single-Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy: The Path Toward Atomic Resolution (World Scientific Press, Singapore).

Herman, G.T., and Frank, J., eds. (2014). Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Microscopy Reconstruction, Vol XIII (Springer).

Frank, J., ed. (2014). Found in Translation (World Scientific Press).

Frank, J. (2011). Molecular Machines in Biology: Workshop of the Cell (Cambridge University Press).

Glaeser, R.M., Downing, K., Chiu, W., Frank, J., and DeRosier, D. (2007). Electron Crystallography of Biological Macromolecules (Oxford University Press).

Frank, J. (2006). Electron Tomography, II edn (New York, Springer).

Frank, J. (2006). Three-Dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies (New York, Oxford U. Press).

Frank, J. (1996). Three-dimensional Electron Microscopy of Macromolecular Assemblies (San Diego, Academic Press).

Frank, J. (1992). Electron Tomography: Three-Dimensional Imaging with the Transmission Electron Microscope (New York, Plenum Publishing Corp.).

Frank, J. (2022). Walter Hoppe — X-ray crystallographer and visionary pioneer in electron microscopy. In Advances in Imaging and Electron Physics (Elsevier).

Vicens, Q., Bochler, A., Jobe, A., Frank, J. and Hashem, Y. (2020).  Interaction networks of ribosomal expansion segments in kinetoplastids.  In: Macromolecular Protein Complexes III: Structure and Function. (R. Harris and J. Marles-Wright, eds.), Series on Macromolecular Protein Complexes III.  DOI 10.1007/978-3-030-58971-4_13. 

Fu, J., Kaledhonkar, S., Shah, B., and Frank, J. (2019). Single-Particle Cryo-Electron Microscopy. In Encyclopedia of Microbiology, T.M. Schmidt, ed. (Elsevier), pp. 255-263.

Kaledhonkar, S., Fu, Z., White, H., and Frank, J. (2018). Time-Resolved Cryo-electron Microscopy Using a Microfluidic Chip. In Protein Complex Assembly, J.A. Marsh, ed. (City, Humana Press), pp. 59-71. PMID: 29605908; PMCid:

Santulli, G., Lewis, D., des Georges, A., Marks, A.R., and Frank, J. (2018). Ryanodine Receptor Structure and Function in Health and Disease. In Membrane Protein Complexes: Structure and Function Subcellular Biochemistry, J. Harris, and E. Boekema, eds. (Springer), pp. 329-352. PMID: 29464565; PMCid: PMC5936639.

Jobe, A., Liu, Z., Gutierrez-Vargas, C., and Frank, J. (2018). New Insights into Ribosome Structure and Function. In Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Biology, M.B. Mathews, N. Sonenberg, and J.W.B. Hershey, eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press). PMID: 29903714; PMCid:

Langlois, R., Ash, J.T., Pallesen, J., and Frank, J. (2014). Fully Automated Particle Selection and Verification in Single-Particle Cryo-EM. In Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Microscopy Reconstruction, G.T. Herman, and J. Frank, eds. (Springer), pp. 43-66.

Shen, B., Chen, B., Liao, H., and Frank, J. (2014). Quantitative Analysis in Iterative Classification Schemes for Cryo-EM Application. In Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Microscopy Reconstruction, G.T. Herman, and J. Frank, eds. (Springer), pp. 67-95.

des Georges, A., Y., H., Buss, S.N., Jossinet, F., Zhang, Q., Liao, H.Y., Fu, J., Jobe, A., Grassucci, R.A., Langlois, R., Bajaj, C., Westhof, E., Madison-Antenucci, S., and Frank, J. (2014). High-resolution Cryo-EM Structure of the Trypanosoma brucei Ribosome – a Case Study. In Computational Methods for Three-Dimensional Microscopy Reconstruction, G.T. Herman, and J. Frank, eds. (Springer), pp. 97-132.

Frank, J. (2014). Exploring the Dynamics of Supramolecular Machines with Cro-Electron Microscopy. In New Chemistry and New Opportunities from the Expanding Protein Universe, K. Wüthrich, I.A. Wilson, D. Hilvert, D.W. Wolan, and A. De Wit, eds. (World Scientific), pp. 313–317.

Frank, J. (2011). Introduction. In Molecular Machines in Biology: Workshop of the Cell, (Cambridge University Press), pp. 1-3.

Frank, J. (2011). Visualization of molecular machines by cryo-electron microscopy. In Molecular Machines in Biology: Workshop of the Cell, (Cambridge University Press), pp. 20-37.

Frank, J. (2011). Ribosome dynamics: Progress in the characterization of mRNA-tRNA translocation by cryo-electron microscopy. In Ribosomes: Structure, Function, and Dynamics, M. Rodnina, Wintermeyer, W., Green, R., ed. (Springer).

Leith, A., Baxter, W.T., and Frank, J. (2010). Use of SPIDER and SPIRE in Image Reconstruction. In International Tables for Crystallography, M.G. Rossmann, Arnold, E., Himmel, D.M., ed.

Gao, H., LeBarron, J., and Frank, J. (2009). Ribosomal dynamics: intrinsic instability of a molecular machine. In Non-Protein Coding RNAs, N.G. Walter, S.A. Woodson, and R.T. Batey, eds. (Springer-Verlag Berlin), pp. 303-316.

Taylor, D.J., Frank, J., and Kinzy, T.G. (2007). Structure and function of the eukaryotic ribosome and elongation factors. In Translational Control in Biology and Medicine, M.B. Mathews, N. Sonenberg, and J.W.B. Hershey, eds. (Cold Spring Harbor Press), pp. 59-86.

Sengupta, J., and Frank, J. (2006). Cryo-electron microscopy as a tool to study molecular machines. In Protein Structures: Methods in Protein Structure and Stability Analysis (Hauppauge, NY Nova Science Publishers, Inc.).

Penczek, P.A., and Frank, J. (2006). Resolution in Electron Tomography. In Electron Tomography, J. Frank, ed. (New York, Springer Verlag).

Frank, J., and Agrawal, R.K. (2001). Ratchet-like movements between the two ribosomal subunits: their implications in elongation factor recognition and tRNA translocation. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 66, 67-75. PMID: 12762009; PMCid:
Beckmann, R., Spahn, C.M., Frank, J., and Blobel, G. (2001). The active 80S ribosome-Sec61 complex. Cold Spring Harbor Symposia on Quantitative Biology 66, 543-554. PMID: 12762056; PMCid:

Agrawal, R.K., Heagle, A.B., and Frank, J. (2000). Studies of elongation factor G-dependent tRNA translocation by three-dimensional cryo-electron microscopy. In The Ribosome:  Structure, Function, Antibiotics, and Cellular Interactions, R.A. Garrett, S.R. Douthwaite, A. Liljas, A.T. Matheson, P.B. Moore, and H.F. Noller, eds. (Washington, DC, ASM Press), pp. 53-62.

Frank, J., Penczek, P., Grassucci, R.A., Heagle, A., Spahn, C.M.T., and Agrawal, R.K. (2000). Cryo-electron microscopy of the translational apparatus: Experimental evidence for the paths of mRNA, tRNA, and the polypeptide chain. In The Ribosome: Structure, Function, Antibiotics, and Cellular Interactions, R.A. Garrett, S.R. Douthwaite, A. Liljas, A.T. Matheson, P.B. Moore, and H.F. Noller, eds. (Washington, DC, ASM Press).

Frank, J., Penczek, P., Agrawal, R.K., Grassucci, R.A., and Heagle, A.B. (2000). Three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy of ribosomes. In Three-dimensional cryoelectron microscopy of ribosomes, D.W. Celander, and J.N. Abelson, eds. (San Diego, CA, Academic Press), pp. 276-291.

Frank, J., Agrawal, R.K., and Verschoor, A. (2000). Ribosome Structure and Shape. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), p. Article No. A534.

Frank, J., and Agrawal, R.K. (2000). Bacterial ribosomes. In Encyclopedia of Life Sciences (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.), pp. Article No. A305.

VanLoock, M.S., Malhotra, A., Case, D.A., Agrawal, R.K., Penczek, P., Easterwood, T.R., Frank, J., and Harvey, S.C. (2000). Functional interpretation of the cryo-electron microscopy map of the 30S ribosomal subunit from Escherichia coli. In The Ribosome:  Structure, Function, Antibiotics, and Cellular Interactions. R.A. Garrett, S.R. Douthwaite, A. Liljas, A.T. Matheson, P.B. Moore, and H.F. Noller, eds. (Washington, DC, ASM Press), pp. 165-171.

Verschoor, A., Srivastava, S., Radermacher, M., Frank, J., Traut, R., Stöffler-Meilicke, M., and Glitz, D. (1993). Functional site determinations in three dimensions on eukaryotic and eubacterial ribosomes. In The Translational Apparatus, K.H. Nierhaus, F. Franceschi, A.R. Subramanian, V.A. Erdmann, and B. Wittmann-Liebold, eds. (New York, Plenum Press).

Frank, J., and McEwen, B.F. (1992). Alignment by cross-correlation. In Electron Tomography, J. Frank, ed. (New York, Plenum), pp. 205-213.

Frank, J. (1992). Introduction. In Electron Tomography, J. Frank, ed. (New York, Plenum), pp. 1-13.

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., Radermacher, M., and Wagenknecht, T. (1990). Morphologies of eubacterial and eukaryotic ribosomes as determined by three-dimensional electron microscopy. In The Ribosome W.E. Hill, A. Dahlberg, R.A. Garrett, P.B. Moore, D. Schlesinger, and J.R.Warner, eds. (Washington, DC, American Society for Microbiology), pp. 107-113.

Frank, J., Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., and Verschoor, A. (1988). Methods for studying ribosome structure by electron microscopy and computer image processing. In Methods in Enzymology K. Moldave, ed. (New York, Academic Press), pp. 3-35.

Frank, J., and Mannella, C. (1987). New avenues in electron microscopy of transmembraneous biomolecular assemblies. In Advances in Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics, C.H. Kim, and T.E. King, eds. (Plenum Publishing Corporation), pp. 459-467.

Frank, J., and Radermacher, M. (1986). Advances in Membrane Biochemistry and Bioenergetics. In Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy J.K. Koehler, ed. (Berlin, Springer Verlag), pp. 1-72.

Boublik, M., Oostergetel, G.T., Wall, J.S., Hainfeld, J.F., Radermacher, M., Wagenknecht, T., Verschoor, A., and Frank, J. (1986). Structure of ribosomes and their components by advanced techniques of electron microscopy and computer image analysis. In Structure, Function and Genetics of Ribosomes B. Hardesty, and G. Kramer, eds. (New York), pp. 68-86.

Frank, J., Verschoor, A., and Wagenknecht, T. (1985). Computer processing of electron microscopic images of single macromolecules. In New Methodologies in Studies of Protein Conformation, T.T. Wu, ed. (New York, Von Nostrand Reinhold, Inc.), pp. 36-89.

Frank, J. (1980). Introduction to quantitative methods of reconstruction. In Methods and Perspectives in Cell Biology: Three Dimensional Ultra-Structure in Biology, J.N. Turner, ed. (New York, Academic Press), pp. 325-344.

Frank, J. (1980). Introduction to quantitative methods of reconstruction. In Methods and Perspectives in Cell Biology: Three Dimensional Ultra-Structure in Biology, J.N. Turner, ed. (New York, Academic Press), pp. 199-213.

Frank, J. (1980). The role of correlation techniques in computer image processing. In Computer Processing of Electron Microscope Images P.W. Hawkes, ed. (Heidelberg, Springer Verlag), pp. 187-222.

Van Heel, M., and Frank, J. (1980). Classification of particles in noisy electron micrographs by using correspondence analysis. In Pattern Recognition in Practice, E.S. Gelsema, and L. Kanal, eds. (Amsterdam, North Holland), pp. 235-245

Kessel, M., Frank, J., and Goldfarb, W. (1980). Low dose electron microscopy of individual biological macromolecules. In Electron Microscopy at Molecular Dimensions  State of the Art and Strategies for the Future, W. Baumeister, ed. (Berlin, Springer ), pp. 154-160

Frank, J., and Goldfarb, W. (1980). Methods of averaging of single molecules and lattice fragments. In Electron Microscopy at Molecular Dimensions  State of the Art and Strategies for the Future, W. Baumeister, ed. (Berlin, Springer), pp. 261-269

Frank, J. (1973). Use of anomalous scattering for element discrimination. In Image Processing and Computer-Aided Design in Electron Optics, P.W. Hawkes, ed. (New York, Academic Press), pp. 196-211

Frank, J. (1973). Computer processing of electron micrographs. In Advanced Techniques in Biological Electron Microscopy, J.K. Koehler, ed. (Heidelberg, Springer Verlag ), pp. 215-274.

De, S., Zhou, M., Brown, Z.P., Burton-Smith, R.N., Hashem, Y., Pestova, T., Hellen, C.U.T., and Frank, J. (2024). Inconsistencies in the published rabbit ribosomal rRNAs: a proposal for uniformity in sequence and site numbering. bioRxiv. PMID: 39416079; PMCid: PMC11482936. DOI: 10.1101/2024.10.11.617640

Singh, S., Gentry, R.C., Fu, Z., Bailey, N.A., Altomare, C.G., Wong, K., Neky, M.J., Wang, C., Ray, K.K., Chi, Y., Zhang, Z., Grassucci, R.A., Frank, J., Boël, G., Gonzales, R.L., and Hunt, J.F. (2023). Cryo-EM studies of the four E. coli paralogs establish ABCF proteins as master plumbers of the peptidyl-transferase center of the ribosome. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2023.06.15.543498

Acosta-Reyes, F., Bhattacharjee, S., Gottesman, M., and Frank, J. (2023). Structural insight into translation initiation of the λcl leaderless mRNA. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2023.09.02.556006

Bhattacharjee, S., Feng, X., Maji, S., Dadhwal, P., Zhang, Z., Brown, Z.P., and Frank, J. (2023). Time resolution in cryo-EM using a novel PDMS-based microfluidic chip assembly and its application to the study of HflX-mediated ribosome recycling. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2023.01.25.525430

Wang, C., Yang, Z., Loughlin, B.J., Xu, H., Veit, G., Vorobiev, S., Clarke, O.B., Jiang, F., Li, Y., Singh, S., Rich, Z., Menten, E.R., Grassucci, R.A., Wang, W., Mezzell, A., Fu, Z., Wong, K., Wang, J., Wetmore, D.R., Sutton, R.B., Brouillette, C.G., Urbatsch, I.L., Kappes, J.C., Lukacs, G.L., Frank, J., and Hunt, J.F. (2022). Mechanism of dual pharmacological correction and potentiation of human CFTR. bioRxiv. PMID: 29318594; PMCid: PMC5843712. DOI: 10.1101/2022.10.10.510913

Seitz, E., Acosta-Reyes, F., Maji, S., Schwander, P., and Frank, J. (2021). Geometric machine learning informed by ground truth: Recovery of conformational continuum from single-particle cryo-EM data of biomolecules. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.18.449029v2

Sztain, T., Ahn, S.-H., Bogetti, A.T., Casalino, L., Goldsmith, J.A., Seitz, E., McCool, R.S., Kearns, F.L., Acosta-Reyes, F., Maji, S., Mashayekhi, G., McCammon, J.A., Ourmazd, A., Frank, J., McLellan, J.S., Chong, L.T., and Amaro, R.E. (2021). A glycan gate controls opening of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2021.02.15.431212

Seitz, E., Schwander, P., Acosta-Reyes, F., Maji, S., and Frank, J. (2021). Recovery of conformational continuum from single-particle cryo-EM data: Optimization of ManifoldEM informed by ground-truth studies. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/2021.06.18.449029

Seitz, E.E., Acosta-Reyes, F., Schwander, P., and Frank, J. (2019). Simulation of cryo-EM ensembles from atomic models of molecules exhibiting continuous conformations. biorxiv. DOI: 10.1101/864116

Washburn, R.S., Zuber, P.K., Sun, M., Hashem, Y., Shen, B., Li, W., Harvey, S., Knauer, S.H., Frank, J., and Gottesman, M.E. (2019). Escherichia coli NusG links the lead ribosome with the transcription elongation complex. biorxiv. DOI: 10.1101/871962

Seitz, E.E., and Frank, J. (2019). POLARIS: path of least action analysis on energy landscapes. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/633628

Fu, Z., Indrisiunaite, G., Kaledhonkar, S., Shah, B., Sun, M., Chen, B., Grassucci, R.A., Ehrenberg, M., and Frank, J. (2018). The structural basis for release factor activation during translation termination revealed by time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/470047

Kaledhonkar, S., Fu, Z., Caban, K., LI, W., Chen, B., Sun, M., Gonzales, R.L., and Frank, J. (2018). Real-time structural dynamics of late steps in bacterial translation initiation visualized using time-resolved cryogenic electron microscopy. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/390674.

Dashti, A., Hail, D.B., Mashayekhi, G., Schwander, P., des Georges, A., Frank, J., and Ourmazd, A. (2018). Functional Pathways of Biomolecules Retrieved from Single-particle Snapshots. bioRxiv.  DOI: 10.1101/291922.

Sun, M., Samir, P., Shen, B., Li, W., Browne, C.M., Rahul, Frank, J., and Link, A. (2018). Identification of changing ribosomes using cryo-EM and MS. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/271833.

Dashti, A., Hail, D.B., Mashayekhi, G., Schwander, P., des Georges, A., Frank, J., and Ourmazd, A. (2017). Conformational Dynamics and Energy Landscapes of Ligand Binding in RyR1. bioRxiv. DOI: 10.1101/167080.

Li, W., Liu, Z., Koripella, R.K., Langlois, R., Sanyal, S., and Frank, J. (2015). Activation of GTP hydrolysis in mRNA-tRNA translocation by elongation factor G. Columbia University Academic Commons. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1500169. PMID: 26229983; PMCID: PMC4517844.

Liao, H.Y., Hashem, Y., and Frank, J. (2010). Estimation of the 3D Variance-Covariance Map in Cryo-Electron Microscopy. Columbia University Academic Commons. DOI: 10.7916/D82B8WMZ.

Frank, J., and Agirrezabala, X. (2010). From DNA to proteins via the ribosome: Structural insights into the workings of the translation machinery. Columbia University Academic Commons. DOI: 10.7916/D8SQ8XSX. PMID: 20511136; PMCID: PMC2976604.

Frank, J. (2019) Untersuchungen von elektronenmikroskopischen Aufnahmen hoher Auflösung mit Bilddifferenz- und Rekonstruktionsverfahren [Investigations of high-resolution electron micrographs using image difference and reconstruction methods]; Technical University Munich Press; ISBN: 9783958840218; DOI: 10.14459/2019md1481676; reprint of Frank, J. (1970) dissertation at TUM.

Flicker, Katharina and Frank, Joachim (2021).  Visions, needs and requirements for (future) research environments: An exploration with Nobel Laureate Joachim Frank. Zenodo Feb 7, 2021.  Doi 10.5281/Zenodo.4516552  

Dr Joachim Frank in Postage Stamps

Frank, J. (2020). The Chrysalis Project. Journal of Science Humanities and Arts (JOSHA) 7, Issue 6. DOI: 10.17160/josha.7.5.718.

Biglar, Abbey (5 November 2020). Freezing a Moment in Time: Snapshots of Cryo-EM Research. Biomedical Beat Blog – National Institute of General Medical Sciences. NIH.

Joachim Frank – Facts. NobelPrize.org. Nobel Media AB 2020. Fri. 6 Nov 2020.

Frank, J. (2020). Nobel Laureate Joachim Frank: Convocation Speech at Indian Statistical Institute Journal of Science Humanities and Arts (JOSHA) 7, Issue 2 – 21. April 2020. doi:10.17160/josha.7.2.664

Marvellous Ogudoro , David Myers , Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi , Amie Thomasson , Michael Levitt , Joachim Frank , Sunday Adelaja , John Hall , Martti Ahtisaari , and George Malkmus (2019).Inspiring Stories From Amazing People: From Presidents, Youth Activists, Nobel Prize Winners, YouTubers, Leading Academics, & Innovators of Diverse Ages, Professions, Countries and Continents. Published: January 2019. Publisher: Independently published. ISBN 13: 9781793203380. ISBN 10: 1793203385

Frank, J. (2019). A Journey from Freiburg to Argentina. Journal of Science Humanities and Arts (JOSHA) 6, Issue 4 – 20. April 2019. doi:10.17160/josha.6.4.556

Li, W. and Agrawal, R.K. (2019). Joachim Frank’s binding with the ribosome. Structure (Perspective) 27, P411-419.

Frank, J. (2018). Timeless in Lindau — an account of the June 2018 Meeting of Nobel Laureates and students in Lindau, Germany.

Mossman, Kaspar (11 December 2007). “Profile of Joachim Frank”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 104: 19668–19670.